Chapter Canals, Cities, Museums, Libraries & Photography: a Reconnaissance Study of Regent’s Canal, London

City waterways are a valuable part of our cultural heritage. Over the years the usage has changed from business to pleasure. Regent’s Canal, cutting across north central London since 1820, has a rich social and industrial history. Much of this history has been and is being captured via photographs. Many of these are being lost due to limited museum resources and disparate collections. This paper reports on phase one of a fifteen-month exploratory research project. The research aims to explore ways of aiding image capture, selection, storage and retrieval. We hope to link with researchers elsewhere, especially in Italy

Chapter Some Reflections & Questions on Emerging Forms of Digital Photo-Libraries

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Flipping after a pandemic: A case study

The idea of ‘flipping’ a course, i.e., delivering all content before class time and instead focusing on active learning opportunities, is not a new one. Studies have shown that these classrooms can increase student engagement and performance, while decreasing the required number of face-to-face hours (Karabulut‐Ilgu et al., 2018). However, it has also been shown that students state a lowered preference for these activities, believing they learn better in passive environments (Deslauriers et al., 2019). This mismatch of student preference and actual performance is particularly important as the COVID-19 pandemic has seen extremely low attendance rates across most science lectures and tutorials worldwide. In this study, the method of content delivery was flipped in a single unit from 3 lectures and one tutorial a week to 1 workshop a week and all content delivered before class time. The laboratory content remained the same. In particular, we used: lightboard videos made with Mayer’s Multimedia principles (Mayer, 2002) in mind, a blended online delivery platform with interactive H5P embedded questions, and full contextualised problem sets with weekly in-class quizzes. Using a range of questionnaires and student/staff interviews, alongside marks analysis of the cohort, we have found:    1. High attendance rates.    2. Students preferred the new mode.    3. Tutors stated an increase in the ‘level’ of student questions.    4. Marks surprisingly remained the same! REFERENCES Deslauriers, L., McCarty, L. S., Miller, K., Callaghan, K., & Kestin, G. (2019). Measuring actual learning versus feeling of learning in response to being actively engaged in the classroom. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(39), 19251-19257. Mayer, R. E. (2002). Multimedia learning. In Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 41, pp. 85-139). Academic Press. Karabulut‐Ilgu, A., Jaramillo Cherrez, N., & Jahren, C. T. (2018). A systematic review of research on the flipped learning method in engineering education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(3), 398-411

Activity interventions to improve the experience of care in hospital for people living with dementia: a systematic review

Background: An increasingly high number of patients admitted to hospital have dementia. Hospital environments can be particularly confusing and challenging for people living with dementia (Plwd) impacting their wellbeing and the ability to optimize their care. Improving the experience of care in hospital has been recognized as a priority, and non-pharmacological interventions including activity interventions have been associated with improved wellbeing and behavioral outcomes for Plwd in other settings. This systematic review aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of activity interventions to improve experience of care for Plwd in hospital. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 16 electronic databases up to October 2019. Reference lists of included studies and forward citation searching were also conducted. Quantitative studies reporting comparative data for activity interventions delivered to Plwd aiming to improve their experience of care in hospital were included. Screening for inclusion, data extraction and quality appraisal were performed independently by two reviewers with discrepancies resolved by discussion with a third where necessary. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated where possible to support narrative statements and aid interpretation. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (one randomized and five non-randomized uncontrolled studies) including 216 Plwd. Activity interventions evaluated music, art, social, psychotherapeutic, and combinations of tailored activities in relation to wellbeing outcomes. Although studies were generally underpowered, findings indicated beneficial effects of activity interventions with improved mood and engagement of Plwd while in hospital, and reduced levels of responsive behaviors. Calculated SMDs ranged from very small to large but were mostly statistically non-significant. Conclusions: The small number of identified studies indicate that activity-based interventions implemented in hospitals may be effective in improving aspects of the care experience for Plwd. Larger well-conducted studies are needed to fully evaluate the potential of this type of non-pharmacological intervention to improve experience of care in hospital settings, and whether any benefits extend to staff wellbeing and the wider ward environment.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Publisher URL to access it via the publisher's site.Funding was provided by the Health Services and Delivery Research programme of the National Institute for Health Research, and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South West Peninsula, now recommissioned as NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South West Peninsula. The funding body had no role in design of the study, analysis and interpretation of the data or writing of the manuscript.published version, accepted version, submitted versio

A review of the impact of food design on the mealtimes of people with swallowing disability who require texture-modified food

Texture-modified foods are a common component of interventions provided to people with dysphagia (swallowing disorders) to maintain their respiratory health, nutritional health and to reduce the risk of aspiration-related illness or choking on food. However, the unsightly and unappetizing appearance of texture-modified foods may negatively impact on the mealtime experience and acceptance of texture-modified foods of persons with dysphagia. The aim of this review was to determine what is known about the impact of specific elements of food design – food struc-ture and visual appeal – on the mealtime experiences of people with dysphagia. This review of 35 studies presents evidence on how the physical characteristics of texture-modified foods for people with dysphagia can be considered during food production, formulation or service to improve their mealtime experience. Overall, the visual appeal, texture, taste, aroma, temperature, mealtime environment and mealtime assistance all impact upon mealtime experiences and should be considered carefully in the design of a person’s mealtime plan and food-related dysphagia interventions to improve their mealtime-related quality of life. Further research needs to include the views of people with dysphagia, particularly those with life-long conditions, who might require texture-modified food for an extended period over their lifespan

The Arabidopsis Mediator complex subunits MED16, MED14 and MED2 regulate Mediator and RNA polymerase II recruitment to CBF-responsive cold-regulated genes

The Mediator16 (MED16; formerly termed SENSITIVE TO FREEZING6 [SFR6]) subunit of the plant Mediator transcriptional coactivator complex regulates cold-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, acting downstream of the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) transcription factors to recruit the core Mediator complex to cold-regulated genes. Here, we use loss-of-function mutants to show that RNA polymerase II recruitment to CBF-responsive cold-regulated genes requires MED16, MED2, and MED14 subunits. Transcription of genes known to be regulated via CBFs binding to the C-repeat motif/drought-responsive element promoter motif requires all three Mediator subunits, as does cold acclimation–induced freezing tolerance. In addition, these three subunits are required for low temperature–induced expression of some other, but not all, cold-responsive genes, including genes that are not known targets of CBFs. Genes inducible by darkness also required MED16 but required a different combination of Mediator subunits for their expression than the genes induced by cold. Together, our data illustrate that plants control transcription of specific genes through the action of subsets of Mediator subunits; the specific combination defined by the nature of the stimulus but also by the identity of the gene induced

The experiences of hospital staff who provide care for people living with dementia: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies

Aims and objectives: To systematically review and synthesise qualitative data from studies exploring the experiences of hospital staff who care for people living with dementia (Plwd). Background: In hospital, the number of Plwd continues to rise; however, their experiences of care remain problematic. Negative experiences of care are likely to contribute to poorer mental and physical health outcomes for Plwd while in hospital and after discharge. Experiences of the hospital staff who care for Plwd can also be poor or unrewarding. It is important to understand the experiences of staff in order to improve staff well-being and ultimately the experience of care for Plwd while in hospital. Design: Systematic review and evidence synthesis of qualitative research. Data sources: We searched 16 electronic databases in March 2018 and completed forward and backward citation chasing. Methods: Eligible studies explored the experiences of paid and unpaid staff providing care in hospital for Plwd. Study selection was undertaken independently by two reviewers, and quality appraisal was conducted. We prioritised included studies according to richness of text, methodological rigour and conceptual contribution. We adopted approaches of meta-ethnography to analyse study findings, creating a conceptual model to represent the line of argument. Findings: Forty-five studies reported in 58 papers met the inclusion criteria, and of these, we prioritised 19 studies reported in 24 papers. The line of argument was that Institutions can improve staff experiences of care for Plwd by fostering person-centred care (PCC). PCC aligned with staff perceptions of 'good care'; however, staff often felt prevented from providing PCC because of care cultures that prioritised tasks, routines and physical health. Staff experienced conflict over the care they wanted to give versus the care they were able to give, and this caused moral distress. When staff were able to provide PCC, this increased experiences of job satisfaction and emotional well-being. Conclusions: Person-centred care not only has the potential to improve the experience of care for Plwd and their carers, but can also improve the experiences of hospital staff caring for Plwd. However, without institutional-level changes, hospital staff are often unable to provide PCC even when they have the experience and knowledge to do so. Implications for practice: Institutional-level areas for change include the following: training; performance indicators and ward cultures that prioritise psychological needs alongside physical needs; adequate staffing levels; inclusive approaches to carers; physical environments that promote familiarisation, social interaction and occupation; systems of documentation about individual needs of Plwd; and cultures of sharing knowledge across hierarchies.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the Publisher URL to access it via the publisher's site.HS&DR 14/19/16/Health Services and Delivery Research Programmepublished version, accepted version (12 month embargo), submitted versio

Estimating oceanic primary production using vertical irradiance and chlorophyll profiles from ocean gliders in the North Atlantic

An autonomous underwater vehicle (Seaglider) has been used to estimate marine primary production (PP) using a combination of irradiance and fluorescence vertical profiles. This method provides estimates for depth-resolved and temporally evolving PP on fine spatial scales in the absence of ship-based calibrations. We describe techniques to correct for known issues associated with long autonomous deployments such as sensor calibration drift and fluorescence quenching. Comparisons were made between the Seaglider, stable isotope (13C), and satellite estimates of PP. The Seaglider-based PP estimates were comparable to both satellite estimates and stable isotope measurements